Audited Sales Figure Basis
Premium charged on audited gross sales figure from previous year, subject to adjustment based on actual figures when available.
Comprehensive Transit Coverage
Policy covers all transits of raw materials and finished goods, with single premium rate applied to the sales turnover.
Weighted Average Rate
Premium rate is weighted average of various rates for different transit exposures, ensuring fair pricing across all shipment types.
Separate Declaration Requirement
If turnover doesn't include certain transactions like cross-voyages or raw material sales, these must be separately declared and covered.
Annual Coverage
Provides comprehensive coverage for all shipments within a 12-month period based on estimated annual sales turnover, eliminating need for individual voyage policies.
Flexible and Comprehensive
Highly flexible policy covering all shipments without individual declarations, adapting to changes in shipping volume and routes throughout the year.
Cost-Effective
Often more cost-effective than individual policies, with premiums based on sales turnover rather than individual shipment values, providing better risk management.
Automatic Protection
All shipments automatically covered without risk of oversight or delays in arranging coverage, ensuring continuous protection for business operations.
End-of-Year Adjustment
Premium adjustments based on actual vs estimated turnover ensure accurate pricing, with refunds for lower turnover or additional premium for higher volumes.
High Volume Shippers
Businesses that have high volume of shipments throughout the year requiring consistent and reliable coverage.
Consistent Coverage Seekers
Companies that need consistent and reliable coverage for their goods in transit without gaps or lapses.
Simplified Management Preference
Organizations wanting to simplify management of their marine insurance needs under single comprehensive policy.
Flexible Policy Requirements
Businesses preferring flexible policy that can adjust to changes in shipment volumes or routes throughout the year.
Feature | Marine Specific Voyage Insurance | Marine Open Declaration Policy | Marine Annual Sales Turnover Policy |
---|---|---|---|
Coverage Scope | Covers a single, specific voyage or transit | Covers multiple shipments under single policy up to declared value | Covers all shipments during policy period based on annual turnover |
Policy Period | Valid only for duration of specific voyage | Typically valid for one year, but only for declared shipments | Typically valid for one year, covering all shipments within period |
Flexibility | Limited flexibility; covers only declared voyage | Flexible; allows declaration of shipments as they occur | Highly flexible; covers all shipments without individual declarations |
Premium Payment | Single premium payment for specific voyage | Premiums adjusted based on value of shipments declared | Premiums calculated based on estimated annual sales turnover |
Documentation | Requires individual policy issuance for each voyage | Requires declarations for each shipment, usually monthly | Minimal documentation; no need for individual shipment declarations |
Best Suited For | Businesses with infrequent or irregular shipments | Businesses with regular shipments but varying volumes | Businesses with high and consistent shipment volumes throughout year |
Annual Agreement
Insurer and business agree on policy covering all shipments within 12-month period based on estimated annual sales turnover.
Coverage Scope
Policy covers shipments by various transport modes including sea, air, road, and rail, customizable for specific routes and risks.
Initial Estimate
Business provides estimate of annual sales turnover at policy start, forming basis for initial premium calculation.
Adjustment Process
Estimated turnover reviewed and adjusted at policy end to reflect actual sales, ensuring accurate premium correspondence.
Premium Calculation
Premium based on estimated annual sales turnover, providing predictable and often lower cost than individual shipment insurance.
Automatic Coverage
All shipments automatically covered without individual declarations, simplifying insurance process and ensuring continuous protection.
Claims Process
Straightforward claims filing with standard documentation, designed for efficient processing and quick business recovery.
Review & Renewal
Annual policy review with adjustments for next period based on experience and operational changes.
Clauses | Coverage Type | Jurisdiction | Ideal For | Typical Perils Covered |
---|---|---|---|---|
ICC-A | All Risks | International Shipments | High-value goods requiring broad protection | All perils except those specifically excluded |
ICC-B | Named Perils | International Shipments | Goods exposed to moderate risks | Fire, explosion, theft, earthquake, etc. |
ICC-C | Basic Named Perils | International Shipments | Basic goods with minimal risk | Fire, explosion, vessel sinking, collision, etc. |
ITC-A | All Risks | Inland Transit | High-value goods during inland transit | All perils except those specifically excluded |
ITC-B | Named Perils | Inland Transit | Goods exposed to moderate risks during inland transit | Fire, explosion, theft, earthquake, etc. |
ITC-C | Basic Named Perils | Inland Transit | Basic goods with minimal risks during inland transit | Fire, explosion, overturning, collision, etc. |
Institute Cargo Clauses (Air) | All Risks | Air Transit | High-value goods transported by air | All risks except those specifically excluded |
Institute War Clauses (Cargo) | War Risks | International Shipments | Goods in war zones or high-risk areas | War, civil war, revolution, rebellion, etc. |
Institute Strikes Clauses (Cargo) | Strikes, Riots, Civil Commotions | International Shipments | Goods in areas prone to strikes or civil unrest | Strikes, riots, civil commotions, etc. |
Incoterm | Seller's Responsibility | Buyer's Responsibility | Insurable Interest (Seller) | Insurable Interest (Buyer) |
---|---|---|---|---|
EXW (Ex Works) | Minimal | Full Responsibility | None | From Pickup |
FCA (Free Carrier) | Delivery to Carrier | Transport after Delivery to Carrier | Until Delivery to Carrier | After Delivery to Carrier |
CPT (Carriage Paid To) | Transport to Destination | Risk After Delivery to Carrier | Until Delivery to Carrier | After Delivery to Carrier |
CIP (Carriage and Insurance Paid To) | Transport and Insurance | Risk After Delivery to Carrier | Until Delivery to Carrier | After Delivery to Carrier |
DAP (Delivered at Place) | Delivery to Place | Risk After Delivery at Place | Until Delivery at Place | After Delivery at Place |
DPU (Delivered at Place Unloaded) | Delivery and Unloading | Risk After Unloading | Until Unloading | After Unloading |
Ownership and Payment
Incoterms do not cover ownership transfer or payment terms/methods.
Contract of Sale
Incoterms should be expressly incorporated into the Contract of Sale.
Appropriate Term
Choose the term suited to the type of goods and transport (e.g., airfreight).
Transport Responsibility
Clarify who arranges transportation—domestic or international.
Specificity
Specify the location (Point/Port/Place) clearly.
Compatibility
Ensure the term fits with the payment system (e.g., LC) and is suitable for containerized goods.
Underestimating Annual Sales Turnover
Underestimating turnover to reduce premium costs can lead to insufficient coverage and higher out-of-pocket costs if actual shipments exceed insured amount.
Inadequate Assessment of Shipping Risks
Failing to thoroughly assess risks associated with shipping routes, transport modes, or specific goods can result in inadequate coverage.
Failing to Adjust Coverage Mid-Term
Not reviewing and adjusting policy mid-term to reflect changes in sales volumes or operations can lead to coverage gaps.
Overlooking Policy Exclusions
Not paying attention to specific exclusions can lead to unexpected claim denials when certain risks aren't included.
Inadequate Documentation
Poor documentation of shipments can complicate claims process, delay settlements, or result in claim denials.
Over-Declaration of Turnover
Overestimating sales turnover leads to higher premium costs without additional benefit, as refunds may be limited.
Not Considering Multiple Transport Modes
Failing to account for multiple transport modes can leave certain journey legs uninsured, creating coverage gaps.
Delaying Claims Reporting
Delayed reporting can result in complications or claim denial due to strict time frames for claim filing.
Annual Coverage
Comprehensive year-round protection for all shipments based on estimated annual sales turnover, eliminating coverage gaps.Flexible and Comprehensive
Highly adaptable policy that adjusts to business changes without requiring individual shipment declarations.Cost-Effective
Often more economical than individual policies with premiums based on sales turnover rather than individual shipment values.Ready to Protect Your Business?
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